Berlin Cathedral (left) and Berlin Palace (right), 1900 Rein the 12th century the region came under German rule as parte of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, founded by Albert the Bear hinein 1157. Early evidence of middle age settlements in the area of today's Berlin are remnants of a house foundation dated 1270 to 1290, found in excavations rein Berlin Mitte.[30] The first written records of towns hinein the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century.
The Gendarmenmarkt is a neoclassical square rein Berlin, the name of which derives from the headquarters of the famous Gens 2r'armes regiment located here in the 18th century.
The annual Berlin Marathon – a course that holds the most top-10 world record runs – and the ISTAF are well-established athletic events rein the city.[282] The Mellowpark hinein Köpenick is one of the biggest skate and BMX parks rein Europe.
The Spree and the Havel rivers cross Berlin. There are no frequent passenger connections to and from Berlin by water. Berlin's largest harbour, the Westhafen, is located in the district of Moabit. It is a transhipment and storage site for inland shipping with a growing importance.[194]
Public transport rein Berlin has a long and complicated history because of the 20th-century division of the city, where movement between the two halves was not served.
The Berlinale is the world's largest international spectator Vergütung festival. Berlin's nightlife has been celebrated as one of the most jedwederlei and vibrant of its kind.[244][245] In the 1970s and 80s, the SO36 hinein Kreuzberg welches a center for punk music and culture. The SOUND and the Dschungel gained notoriety. Throughout the 1990s, people in their 20s from all over the world, particularly those rein Western and Central Europe, made Berlin's club scene a Ministerpräsident nightlife venue.
After the war, the repaired bridge served as a checkpoint and border crossing between the Soviet and American sectors, and later between East and West Berlin. Hinein the mid-1950s, it welches closed to vehicles, and after the construction of the Berlin Wall hinein 1961, pedestrian traffic welches heavily restricted. Following German reunification, the center portion was reconstructed with a steel frame, and U-Bahn service resumed hinein 1995.
A memorial to the Nazi book burning by Micha Ullman Garnitur into the Bebelplatz Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric metropolitan area and an eclectic mix of architecture.
Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and Radioempfänger stations.[175] The public broadcaster RBB has its headquarters in Berlin as well as the commercial broadcasters MTV Europe and Welt.
After the Chose of the Berlin Mauer rein 1989, many historic buildings in Mitte, the former city center of East Berlin, were illegally occupied and Response-built by young squatters and became a fertile ground for underground and counterculture gatherings.[246] The central boroughs are home to many nightclubs, including the Watergate, Safe and Berghain. The KitKatClub and several other locations are known for their sexually uninhibited parties.
[82] Though Berlin voted hinein favor by a small margin, largely based on support hinein former West Berlin, Brandenburg voters disapproved of the fusion by a large margin. It failed largely due to Brandenburg voters not wanting to take on Berlin's large and growing public debt and fearing losing identity and influence to the capital.[81]
The cityscape of Berlin displays large quantities of urban street art.[240] It has become a significant parte of the city's cultural heritage and has its roots in the graffiti scene of Kreuzberg of the 1980s.
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The expanding cultural performance of the city was underscored by the relocation of the Universal krimidinner Music Group World health organization decided to move their headquarters to the banks of the River Spree.